Question:Define direct access,sequential access and serial access? 

Direct Access: The ability to go directly to a record without having to first read all preceding records.Serial access: Processing records in a file by starting with the first record and taking each succeeding record in turn.Sequential access: A special case of serial access in which the records in the file are in order on one or more fields.

Question:Define segmental table. 

An argument table in which the argument entry is the upper (for an ascending table) or lower (for a descending table) limit of a range of values.

Question:What is sequential, spaced sequential, and binary search? 

Sequential search: The sequential search is the most commonly used algorithm for searching an argument table. The search starts with the first table argument and takes each succeeding argument in turn until a match is found.Spaced sequential search: A searching method in which table or index entries at fixed intervals are examined until either the desired entry is found or ti can be determined that the desired entry has been passed over; in the latter case the entries between the last two entries examined are then searched serially.Binary Search: The binary search is a more efficient searching technique for large tables. When the binary search is used, the argument table must be in either ascending or descending order.

Question:What do you mean by maintaining files or database? 

Maintaining refers to any activities that change the number of records in a master file. Such activities are as follows:

-> Adding records to and deleting records from a master file are the most common maintenance activities.
-> Initial creation of the master file can also consider as maintenance.
-> Elimination of the master file when the file is no longer needed.

Question:What do you mean by updating file or database? 

-> Updating a master file changes the content of one or more records in the file but does not alter the number of records.
-> Sometimes it is considered as one type of file maintenance activity.

Question:What do you mean by referencing file? 

Referencing a file changes nothing in the file; it merely extracts information from the file.