Question:Write any three flowcharting guideline. 

1. Every program flowchart starts with a single terminal outline and ends with one or more terminal outlines.
2. The descriptive names that identify data items being used and the operations being performed should be used consistently.
3. The words used inside the outlines should be chosen so that they will have meaning for anyone reading the flowchart.
4. There should be only one flowline into an outline. Any merging flows should brought together on a flowline.
5. Try to leave white space in the flowchart by using connectors instead of flowlines that wander all over the flowchart.

Question:Define Compiler. 

This is a translation program that checks syntax errors from program code that the programmer may violate the rule of any specific language he/she has chosen. And it also tells the programmer what syntax errors were detected and where they are in the program code. Unlike interpreter, the compiler processes the entire program as a unit.

Question:Define disk-checking? 

Disk-checking is a reviewing proces in which a representative sample of data is manually processed through an algorithm, flowcharts, pseudocode or coded program to locate logic errors.

Question:What do you mean by documenting a program? Write down the benefits of it. 

Documenting: Preparing a written record of all activities associated with the programming process.

Benefits: 

1. When time comes to change a program, even the programmer who worte it is likely to have difficulty remembering the details of the program unless it has been well documented.
2. If the original programmer is no longer available, it may be virtually impossible to modify the program unless very careful and detailed documentation exists.
3. Without adequate documentation, it may be necessary to rewrite completely a program that must be changed.

Question:What is refining algorithm? 

A series of refinements after  initial algorithm to make the process more efficient and to include some steps that we had failed to consider in our initial algorithm.

Question:Define Interperter. 

Interpreter:

1. The syntax of each instruction is checked as it is entered.
2. Instructions that contain syntax errors are corrected and reentered.
3. Instructions without errors are executed immediately.
4. No object program is produced.

Question:What are the differences between flowchart and structure chart? 

1. A structure chart can represent an entire program with modules whereas a flowchart can represent a module in a program.
2. In structure chart, rectangles are used to represent modules whereas in flowchart terminal, process, input/output, flowline, connector, decision etc outlines are usually used.

Question:What are the advantages of using High-Level Languages? 

1. They are easy to learn, the resulting programs are generally easy to understand and modify.
2. Unlike low-level language, programs written in high-level language for one computer can usally be used on another computer with minor modifications.

Question:What do you mean by debugging and testing? 

After coding the program, programmer is needed to check if there is any syntax error or logic error. If there is no syntax error, programmer then look for logic error with some testing data and refine their code until expected output. The process of detecting errors is called debugging and testing.

Question:What is top down programming approach? 

Top-down programming:
1. The top-down approach has evolved as a useful technique in planning a modular program. 
2. In top-down programming we first define the main program module, which initiates program execution, calls other modules to perform specific functions, and then terminates execution.