Question:What are the differences between flowchart and structure chart? 

1. A structure chart can represent an entire program with modules whereas a flowchart can represent a module in a program.
2. In structure chart, rectangles are used to represent modules whereas in flowchart terminal, process, input/output, flowline, connector, decision etc outlines are usually used.

Question:What are the advantages of using High-Level Languages? 

1. They are easy to learn, the resulting programs are generally easy to understand and modify.
2. Unlike low-level language, programs written in high-level language for one computer can usally be used on another computer with minor modifications.

Question:What do you mean by debugging and testing? 

After coding the program, programmer is needed to check if there is any syntax error or logic error. If there is no syntax error, programmer then look for logic error with some testing data and refine their code until expected output. The process of detecting errors is called debugging and testing.

Question:Write down the advantage and disadvantage of Modular programming. 

Advantage: 
1.  As the size of each module are limited, the likelihood of errors is reduced.
2.    Because the modules are independent, different programmers can work simultaneously on different parts of the same program. This reduces the times that elapses between beginning and completing a program.
3.    In addition, a module can be radically changed without affecting other modules as long as its original function remains unchanged.

Disadvantage:
1.    The modular programming approach initially met with some resistance from programmers because it restricted their activities.
2.    When portions of a program are allocated to different programmers, no one programmer can be said to “own” the program; instead, it belongs to a team.
3.    Team programmers, for example, no longer have free rain to make up names to refer to data. Even when the programmer is free to create a name, there are frequently naming conventions that must be followed.
4.    A more significant difficulty with the modular approach lay in determining exactly what constitutes a module.

Question:What do you mean by decision table? 

Decision tables: 
1. Decision tables are sometimes used to plan and document processing that involves complex combinations of conditions. 
2. Decision tables are best suited to documenting complex decisions involving combinations of conditions.

Question:What do you mean by control break? 

Control break: A change in the value in a control field between consecutive records in a file.

Question:Write down the advantage and disadvantages of HIPO chart? 

Advantages: 
1. Provide more information than that of other forms of documentation.
2. The input and output for each module are clearly identified.
3. Can use to determine very easily what modules call the module being examined.

Disadvantages:
1. The main disadvantage of HIPO is that the documentation for a program gets to be rather bulky: there is a page for each module regardless of the actual size of the module.
2. HIPO charts are not as widely used as structure charts and pseudocode.

Question:What is sequential, spaced sequential, and binary search? 

Sequential search: The sequential search is the most commonly used algorithm for searching an argument table. The search starts with the first table argument and takes each succeeding argument in turn until a match is found.Spaced sequential search: A searching method in which table or index entries at fixed intervals are examined until either the desired entry is found or ti can be determined that the desired entry has been passed over; in the latter case the entries between the last two entries examined are then searched serially.Binary Search: The binary search is a more efficient searching technique for large tables. When the binary search is used, the argument table must be in either ascending or descending order.

Question:Define cylinder, track, and sector. 

Cylinder: The collection of tracks of the same number on a disk, that is, the tracks that can be read from or written to with a single positioning of the accessing mechanism.
Track: One of a series of concentric rings on the surface of a magnetic disk on which data is recorded.
Sector: In computer disk storage, a sector is a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk or optical disc. Each sector stores a fixed amount of user data.

Question:What is top down programming approach? 

Top-down programming:
1. The top-down approach has evolved as a useful technique in planning a modular program. 
2. In top-down programming we first define the main program module, which initiates program execution, calls other modules to perform specific functions, and then terminates execution.