Aug 3rd, 2022 at 05:19 PM

virtual and override keyword in C# for implementing Polymorphism

The virtual keyword is used to modify a method, property, indexer, or event declaration and allow for it to be overridden in a derived class. For example, this method can be overridden by any class that inherits it:

class TestClass
{
    public class Shape
    {
        public const double PI = Math.PI;
        protected double _x, _y;

        public Shape()
        {
        }

        public Shape(double x, double y)
        {
            _x = x;
            _y = y;
        }

        public virtual double Area()
        {
            return _x * _y;
        }
    }

    public class Circle : Shape
    {
        public Circle(double r) : base(r, 0)
        {
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return PI * _x * _x;
        }
    }

    public class Sphere : Shape
    {
        public Sphere(double r) : base(r, 0)
        {
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return 4 * PI * _x * _x;
        }
    }

    public class Cylinder : Shape
    {
        public Cylinder(double r, double h) : base(r, h)
        {
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return 2 * PI * _x * _x + 2 * PI * _x * _y;
        }
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        double r = 3.0, h = 5.0;
        Shape c = new Circle(r);
        Shape s = new Sphere(r);
        Shape l = new Cylinder(r, h);
        // Display results.
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Circle   = {0:F2}", c.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Sphere   = {0:F2}", s.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Cylinder = {0:F2}", l.Area());
    }
}
/*
Output:
Area of Circle   = 28.27
Area of Sphere   = 113.10
Area of Cylinder = 150.80
*/